/countries/show/italy/1.rss en-us Up your sensory intake in Milan, a paradiso for the arts, shopping, and nightlife. This sartorial songbird sings its siren songs during spring and autumn, attracting fashion elites, supermodels, and international paparazzi to the Milan Fashion Weeks. However, aside from being Italy’s fashion Mecca, Milan hosts a plethora of tucked away historical and artistic treasures. Peak around the old fairgrounds this spring and you may just come across the MiArt Festival. Stumble in here and you'll see why Milan has been heralded as one of the best travel destinations of the world. Representing the “new” Italy, Milan has become the epicentre for Italy’s contemporary art scene, and as such hosts MiArt, the International Exhibition of Modern and Contemporary Art. The MiArt Festival occurs annually in spring, typically the beginning of April over the course of a long weekend, and showcases established and emerging artists under an international spotlight. Regarded as one of the best things to do in Milan, this platform draws together the distinguished historicity of Italy with avant-garde younger artists. The contemporary art festival is committed to supporting new talent, and provides expansive space for large scale, museum quality sculptures and installations by leading local and international artists. Past exhibitions have included works by Alessandro Roma, Lily van der Stokker, and Alessandra Spranzi among many others. The MiArt festival is held in Fiera, Milan’s original trade fair, which was established in 1920 near Porto Venezia (one of the historical gates of Milan). The fairgrounds were later relocated closer to the heart of the city, Rho (town northwest of Milan) with the proliferation of events and permanent structural enhancements. As for it's original edifices, only a few art nouveau buildings and part of the Palazzo dello Sport (dating from 1925) remain. Going to Italy’s oldest churches can make for an engrossing afternoon, but there’s more to Italy than ancient structures and paintings, and a visit to MiArt will set that stereotype aright. Thu, 21 Mar 2013 02:35:43 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/miart http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/miart So, unless you’ve been living under a fashion rock for the last, oh, let’s say, lifetime or so (presumably still wearing corduroy trousers and those awful neon 80s jackets), then you won’t need me to tell you that all the best, brightest and most fashion forward offerings in the world seem to have gathered in one place, flanking Milan’s winding streets. Milan is an extraordinarily beautiful and culturally fascinating city. It is home to the La Scala opera house, the Sforza Castle, an incredible music and theatre scene, the Duomo, Da Vinci's 'The Last Supper', Basilica Sant'Ambrogio, Brera Picture Gallery and so much more. But, let’s face it, all this culture stuff gets a little exhausting, doesn’t it? Well, then there’s no better time to hit the shops. The Milan Fashion week is perhaps the most exciting in the fashion calendar, giving London and New York a run for their money every year. At this time the very city seems to become a huge runway, stalked by those closest to fashion’s beating heart. Whilst Milan is an incredible place to be at this time, if the crowds don't appeal, or you can't make it, then fashion and shopping are - as the weary inhabitants of the 'boyfriend couch' will tell you - wonderfully year-round affairs. Shops also have air conditioning in the summer and heating in the winter. It seems like an obvious point, but it is a useful bargaining chip to use on unwilling shoppers! Luckily, for those unwilling to completely leave the cultural delights of Milan behind, the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele, is architecturally perhaps one of the most beautiful in the world. Nicknamed il salotto di Milano (Milan’s drawingroom) it is filled to near bursting point with the best of designer stores (Prada, Gucci) as well as some incredible restaurants to suit all budgets. A non-negotiable aspect to your visit to the Galleries and to Milan is to complete a local tradition, by spinning on the bull. The tradition follows that, by placing the heel of your right foot on the mosaic bull’s testicles and then spinning around, without touching your other foot to the floor, you receive good luck. However wonderful the Galleries and these more established stores are, Milan's streets are full of some of the best shops in the world, big and small. Many of Milan’s haute couture stores can be found within what is known as the Quadrilatero d'Oro (rectangle of gold) particularly on roads such as the Via Della Spiga, Via Manzoni, Via Sant'Andrea, and Via Montenapoleone. Here flagship designers stores can be found, from Armani to D&G, and Ralph Lauren to Valentino. For those who don’t relish the idea of leaving Milan with blistered feet and a bleeding credit card to boot, you’re in luck. Milan isn’t just high fashion, but has an amazing amount of smaller and independent stores. These will generally take a little bit more finding, but are definitely worth the effort. Try Corso di Porta Ticinese or Corso Vercelli. Whilst these are certainly still up-market, the atmosphere is decidedly more relaxed, not to mention being well stocked with restaurants, bars and cafes to cleanse your palate along the way. Thu, 14 Mar 2013 02:23:41 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/shopping-in-milan http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/shopping-in-milan Natural disasters that have occurred around the world, including earthquakes, tornadoes and floods, throughout history have left nothing but negative feelings and memories. However, there simply is nothing quite like the disaster that tore through little Pompeii in Italy back in 79 A.D. After a violent volcanic explosion rattled the small town near Naples, time literally stood still - those who were unfortunately captured in the ash trying to survive, as well as all artifacts surrounding them, were frozen in time for the rest of the world to see and continue to visit to this day, just about 2000 years later. The tragedy that occurred in Pompeii on that fateful day would eventually lend itself to become one of the greatest attractions in the world, and has become part of the itinerary of many intent on world travel. As a result of the ash that fell on Pompeii, the preservation of the frescoes, bodies and pottery of that time in that city are as pristine as you can possibly imagine, considering the amount of time that has passed. For this reason, tourists from all over the globe have been fascinated with this spot, and have come from near and far for decades to catch a glimpse of life as it was in Pompeii nearly 2000 years ago. There simply isn't anything like the experience of being in the presence of such history and preservation like there is in Pompeii, Italy. Those who visit historic Pompeii are able to see people and objects of their time, never to be altered. Their lifestyle and means of entertainment are able to be experienced up close and personal. Such an experience is unmatched, which is why Pompeii has been one of the most famous and visited tourist locations in the entire world. As excavations began at Pompeii in the name of archaeology, many skeletons were discovered by those who unfortunately were unable to escape the wrath of Mount Vesuvius' ashes. Although these skeletons at first were placed in various ruins as objects of curiosity, the hollow spaces surrounding the skeletons were later being filled and used as a mold under the direction of Giuseppe Fiorelli. The cavities were filled with plaster, and then the outer shells were chipped away, exposing the plaster of those in their last moments of life. Considering the amazing popularity of this city, there are various Pompeii tours and extensive excursions that can be taken to this amazing place of history and archaeology. Generally speaking, full tours of Pompeii generally take place among 5 distinct sites: Herculaneum, Pompeii, Oplontis, Stabiae and Boscoreale. Although there are various tour operators that take tourists on these excursions of the excavations of Pompeii, visitors can expect to pay somewhere in the vicinity of 20 Euros per person for tours including all 5 sites in Pompeii. Besides Pompeii itself, visiting Mount Vesuvius - the volcano responsible for such destruction and worldly fascination - is a site that should be seen up close. Tourists are able to climb the volcano, and even take a stroll along the rim! From this point, all of Pompeii and its distinct sites can be seen from the high point of this volcano. There are many hotels in Pompeii and Naples, but in particular, the best times to book a flight or hotel in Pompeii and surrounding areas, in order to get the best availability and price, is mid to late spring. Mon, 04 Mar 2013 19:54:19 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/pompeii-itlay http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/pompeii-itlay If you've been fantasizing about traveling to Italy for years, why not make this the year you actually go? Or maybe you've been to Italy several times and can't wait to go back. Whether you are returning to Italy or finally going for the first time, add the Carnival of Viareggio to your "must see" bucket list. The city of Viareggio in Tuscany is renowned for its original Mardi Gras celebration. The Carnevale di Viareggio, or in English, The Carnival of Viareggio, is not only incredibly fun but full of cultural significance. This festival is certainly one of the best travel destinations to hit on your tour of Italy. This unique festival was founded in 1873 when the signori, decided to host a parade with large wooden figures on top of wagons. At this festival several citizens donned masks in order to protest the high taxes they were charged. Since then the Carnival of Viareggio has been celebrated every winter and is one of the best travel destinations for world travelers. The arrival of World War One threatened the survival of this carnival. It seemed at the time that the Carnival of Viareggio would be another local custom lost in the chaos of war. However in the winter of 1921 the festival returned to Viareggio. The Carnival of Viareggio took another hiatus during World War Two. But again it returned to the streets of Viareggio in 1946. Since then the festival has been celebrated every year. The traditions established during the first Carnival of Viareggio are still very much alive. The floats are still an incredible part of the carnival, though they are now made of paper mache rather than wood. These paper mache master pieces are always larger than life and change every year, from floats of pop icons, popular fictional characters, celebrities, athletes and politicians. For example, recent years have seen floats ranging from The Pope, to Jaws, and Michael Jackson. The festival now also integrates feasting and live popular music. The Carnival of Viareggio even has its own hymn the "Cup of Champagne". It is now customary for the music of this song to be printed onto the masks still worn in the festival. The Carnival of Viareggio is one of the most significant celebrations in Italy. In 2011 over 300'000 people were in attendance. It is certainly an experience you will never forget. Floats, masks, food and music all in one place, Viareggio Italy. So why not go try it out for yourself? Mon, 28 Jan 2013 21:22:07 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/carnival-of-viareggio http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/carnival-of-viareggio Il Palio di Siena (or The Palio in Siena) is one of the most famous horse races in the entire world. It is made so special by its grand opening pageant (the Corteo Storico), the fact that all the competing jockeys ride the race bareback, and the festive and competitive atmosphere surrounding the event. The first modern Palio dates back to 1656 (with unorganized versions of the race dating back several hundreds of years earlier), so there is a lot of history surrounding the race. The ten jockeys selected to compete in the Palio di Siena are chosen from the seventeen Contrade (Siena’s original city wards), so the race is also steeped in pride and glory. Simply put, it is a huge local honor to have your Contrade win the Palio in Siena. Now, let’s make something clear right off the bat - I’ve never been all too interested in horse racing, but Il Palio di Siena is not just a simple horse race. It is a cultural event attended by thousands from all around the world. It is one of the prime attractions that make Sienna, Italy one of the best travel destinations in the world. When I bought my airplane ticket to Italy, I wasn’t planning on attending the Palio di Siena. But when I found out that my travels coincided with the first of the event’s two annual dates, July 2 (the second race is held on August 16), I knew that I had to attend. After witnessing the spectacle, I can safely say that the Palio di Siena is an event that you don’t want to miss if you’re traveling to Italy in the summertime, and, for some people, it might even be a reason to visit the country in the first place. The town of Siena was absolutely jam-packed with people when I arrived and their spirit was brilliantly festive. Trial races are held in the days preceding the Palio di Siena, so many of the spectators had already picked out their favorite Contrade. July 2 is also the date of the Feast of Visitation and a local festival in honour of the Madonna of Provenzano (a locally revered painting with supposed curative powers), so it was hard not to get caught up in all of the excitement and emotion The race itself is run around the Piazza del Campo and features numerous sharp turns bordered by stone walls that are very dangerous for both the jockeys and horses. In fact, there has been some controversy recently over the Palio’s brutality, but, luckily, no one was injured while I was there. At the end of the race, the winning Contrade is awarded with a trophy in the form of a banner painted with the image of the Blessed Virgin Mary. While the race itself was exciting, it wasn’t, for me, the most enjoyable part of the Palio di Siena. Instead, I very much liked the energy surrounding the entire event and the Corteo Storico that took place beforehand. The Corteo Storico is, for lack of a better term, a parade in which the racing horses are led towards the starting line while hundreds of drummers pound away on drums, tourists, fans, and locals cheer, yell, and laugh, and flag twirlers dressed in medieval costumes twirl their flags and dance. Il Palio di Siena is by all means a very special cultural event and is one of the most interesting things to do in Siena. If you’re traveling to Italy during the summer months, then I strongly recommend that you do not miss it. Wed, 24 Oct 2012 01:43:23 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/palio-di-siena http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/palio-di-siena Italy is known as a beautiful, serene yet phenomenal place just like its other counterparts in Europe. Rome is one of Italy’s most popular destinations, but Italy also has famous beaches, breathtaking natural scenery, and rich culture throughout. But Italy is more than a country of pizza, pasta and gondola. It is the home of the popular and crazy festival: Gubbio's Corsa dei Ceri, or The Race of the Candles. Gubbio is a walled-city residing in the mountain slopes of Ingino, where The Race of the Candles is held. It is celebrated during the 15th day of May on St. Ubaldo’s eve in order to commemorate the commune’s (what the town was called back then) victory against the Gubbio’s enemies. The Race of the Candles is not just simple merry-making where you see people dancing or singing in the streets. Gubbio started to hold the Gubbio's Corsa dei Ceri to celebrate their victory and express their gratitude towards the Bishop Gubbio Ubaldo. Centuries later, the town was made into a city and named after the Bishop. The Gubbio's Corsa dei Ceri features three enormous candles constructed out of wood. These are mounted by statues of different Saints such as St. Ubaldo, known as the protector of masons, St. Giorgio, recognized as the protector of merchants, and St. Anthony, who is the protector of farmers. What makes The Race of the Candles special is that it remains true to its roots. It has very little alterations since the day it was first held. A crossbow contest is usually held at the Grande Piazza to mark the beginning of the festival. The Race of the Candles festival is joined by several groups of young men carrying the “ceris” (candles) and the statues of the Saints. These men are also called “Ceriolas”. The streets of Gubbio are winding and narrow, thus making the procession more exciting; and the crowd of people will eventually thicken, making the trail harder to walk by. The goal is to have any of these groups reach the Basilica of St. Ubaldo first. However, skills and effort are also used to determine the real winner. Truly a thrilling experience, The Race of the Candles festival is best for adventurous individuals. Mon, 09 Jan 2012 17:09:26 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/race-of-the-candles http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/race-of-the-candles The Festival of the Snakes at Cocullo in Italy is a strange mix of Pagan and Catholic ritual celebrated to venerate St. Domenic, known to have cured numerous cases of snake bites. Snake-lovers and other locals march to the streets for a one-and-a-half hour procession of the image of St. Domenic covered with live snakes. Cocullo’s Snake Festival begins in March when serparis (local snake charmers) begin to gather non-poisonous snakes from surrounding areas. They remove their fangs and keep the snakes in captivity for the snake festival in May. Townsfolk have participated in the Festival of the Snakes at Cocullo for many years, and it is said to bring luck to those people who throw snakes at St. Domenic. The procession of St. Domenic's statue starts at noon, and the atmosphere is a mix of excitement and tension. While the image of St. Domenic is being covered with snakes, the crowd falls into a hush and everybody is wary that not one of the snakes should fall from the statue or else it will cause bad luck. The Processione dei Serpari includes young girls wearing costumes and carrying traditional sweet meats called “ciambelli,” as well as local doughnuts to give away to spectators. Snake charmers playing oboe and clarinet are also present to "tame" the snakes and thus prevent them from falling off St. Domenic's image. To top it all off the festivities come to a close with a beautiful fireworks display, best enjoyed with some local wine and new friends. If you enjoy quirky and curious things, or traditions that let you see a hidden side of local life, then you'll love Cocullo's snake festival. Cozy up with native residents and enjoy some of the most amazing photo opportunities, maybe even you holding one of the star attractions! Fri, 06 Jan 2012 18:00:06 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/festival-of-the-snakes http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/festival-of-the-snakes Mount Vesuvius is one of the most famous volcanoes in the world, and it is located in one of the most beautiful countries in the world. Situated in Naples, Italy, Mount Vesuvius is well known for the volcanic eruption on August 24, 79 AD, which blanketed three towns in the vicinity, including Pompeii, with volcanic lava, resulting in thousands of lives lost. Although this was a tragic event in history, the eruption of Mount Vesuvius did cause an entire city to be preserved, capturing a moment in time that was only discovered many centuries later in 1748. Despite its destructive past, Mount Vesuvius is thought of fondly by the people of Naples, and when you visit, you will certainly see why. The eruption that caused so much devastation resulted in a crater that has become an iconic tourist attraction. Stand on the rim and peer into the 200-metre drop down to the fuming depths below, and it is easy to see why Mount Vesuvius is such a draw. But it is not just the depths below that will amaze you. Look out beyond the volcano rim’s 12-kilometre circumference and, on a clear day, Mount Vesuvius offers incomparable views out to the Bay of Naples and beyond. Aside from the fumes and the glorious panoramic views (clouds permitting), Mount Vesuvius also offers the chance to see up close the impact of volcanic activity. On the way up and around the rim of the crater, you will see the various colours of lava stones as well as the dramatic landscape, which was scarred from lava streams in the 1950s. Although you are on holiday, when you start your Mount Vesuvius tour, you should switch your sandals for hiking boots (or other comfortable shoes) with a sturdy grip to navigate the rocky and pebbly path. It may be wise to take a walking stick or two if you think you’ll need some assistance, and you should probably “pack” your patience. During peak times (summer and weekends), the hiking trail will have visitors of all fitness levels, some of whom will be considerably slower than others. Consequently, the last stretch can become quite congested. Use it as a chance to catch your own breath and ready yourself for the sights at the summit. If you have the energy and are up for the challenge, try the 6-kilometre hike. You’ll need to take the public bus part way and hike the rest of the way up winding roads. Once you’ve reached the top and taken in the sights, you will find no shortage of purchasing opportunities if you’re looking for a memento of your trip to Mount Vesuvius. However, treat with suspicion any claims that stones are rare originals, and, as usual, bear in mind that items on sale at the bottom of the mountain are usually cheaper than those at the top. Whilst there is a plethora of souvenirs atop Mount Vesuvius, the same cannot be said of eating establishments. Except for a bunch of snack and cold drink stalls, you should either fill up before you go (but not too much—remember the hike) or bring your own. What could be nicer than a crater-side picnic on a Mount Vesuvius tour? A word of warning: Mount Vesuvius volcano is still active, and its current inactivity is its longest period of calm in around 500 years. Some believe this may result in its next eruption being more explosive than in the past. It is under close observation by volcanologists and seismologists, and there will be warnings if it becomes too dangerous to visit. So, heed advice from the local authorities before heading out on your Mount Vesuvius tour, but above all, don’t miss your opportunity to appreciate this wonder of nature so close up. Tue, 25 Oct 2011 14:05:26 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/mount-vesuvius http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/mount-vesuvius Filming for the intensely dramatic climatic scene of New Moon, the second film based on Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight Series, was set in the Tuscan southeast town of Montepulciano. In a class of its own, Montepulciano’s star appeal looms long after the final cut. Among the fruitful and stunning landscape of southern Tuscany, the regally-perched hilltop town of Montepulciano houses a wealth of artistic heritage and architecture. Her 14th-century wall defends a treasure chest of Renaissance-style churches and palaces. Etruscan in origin, followed by a strong Roman presence, Montepulciano was fought over for centuries between the communes of Florence and Siena. This pristinely preserved Tuscan jewel remains unchanged for 400 years—earning her the appellation “Pearl of the 16th Century”. At her heart, Piazza Grande (Main Square) houses the 15th-century Renaissance-style Palazzo Comunale (Town Hall), which bears resemblance to Florence’s Palazzo Vecchio. Its clock tower offers wonderful panoramic views of the town and picturesque countryside. The unfinished facade of the neighbouring 17th-century Duomo (Cathedral) exudes a charming rawness and simplicity rarely seen in embellished buildings of its time. Hosted inside is Taddeo Di Bartlolo’s massive triptych “Assumption of the Virgin” painted in 1401. Whilst ascending the challenging Corso (Main Street) towards Piazza Grande, peak down the little cobblestone lanes to steal perfectly-framed glimpses of voluptuous vineyards and clustered Cypress trees. Internationally acclaimed for her wine, Montepulciano is no stranger to fame, and thankfully has not succumbed to tourist-trap temptations. The history of Montepulciano’s wines is entangled with her own like a grapevine—sharing nourished roots since the 1st century. It is the subsequent preservation of culturally-rich agricultural skills that affords such exceptional wine. Among them, the garnet red “Vino Nobile di Montepulciano” with a violet aroma and dry and lightly tannic flavour, was the first Italian wine to display the prestigious neck strip of the D.O.C.G. (Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita) and earn a place alongside the world’s best. There are countless cellars in Montepulciano, housed in the dungeons of palazzi, which boast free entry to sample their infamous wines and amble through their dimly lit chambers. Thirsting for more? Then enjoy a glass of “Nobile” whilst devouring the equally famed “Bistecca alla Fiorentina” (beefsteak Florentine style). Montepulciano holds the charm and quaintness of many other Tuscan towns, but like her wine, Montepulciano is unique. A film set, an architectural arena, a cyclist's circuit, an artist's inspiration, a diner's delight, and a vampire's lair— Montepulciano modestly exudes a sense of richness for all classes. Tue, 16 Aug 2011 15:20:20 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/wine-tasting-montepulciano http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/wine-tasting-montepulciano The Pope's Easter address takes place in Saint Peter's Square outside of the Vatican. It’s an event for both Christians and non-Christians alike, and takes place during the Easter weekend from Good Friday to Easter Sunday. During the address the Pope outlines worldwide issues and suggests how the Catholic religion can be strengthened and unified all around the world. The Pope’s address takes place on the balcony overlooking Saint Peter's Square in the Vatican, and is broadcast in thirty-two countries. During the Pope’s address, the ancient Egyptian obelisk—which was moved to Rome in 37 AD by Emperor Caligula—is completely surrounded by pilgrims and witnesses of the historic address. Saint Peter's Square was built from 1656–1667 by the architect Gian Lorenzo Bernini on the command of Pope Alexander VII. It was built so that people could crowd around and witness the Pope's speeches together as one. This plan is very evident during the Easter address when thousands of pilgrims crowd together to witness it. Pope Alexander's plan worked, and he would be proud to have seen the sight of the crowds of people today. The ancient Egyptian obelisk once held a metal gilt ball, which during medieval times was reputed to have held the ashes of Julius Caesar. This is untrue, but the ball is now held in the National Museum in Rome. During the Easter address, the Pope mentions the world events and issues that are causing problems. He talks about how the Catholic Church and religion can be strengthened and brought closer together. In his 2011 speech, he mentioned problems in the Middle East, and the Libyan civil war. Witnessing the Easter address and blessing really is one of those events that must be done at least once in each person's life. The Pope’s words linger in the minds of everyone for days, weeks, months, even years later, and the world listens. Plus it could be a chance to appear on one of the many TV stations that are filming the event. During the Easter address there is a set routine that is followed. The crowds arrive and wait within Saint Peter's Square, and everyone is given a hymn leaflet. The first hymn is sung, the Pope then appears on his balcony and gives his speech, and then he blesses the Catholic followers whilst hymns are sung. The event is fairly straightforward, and each and every Easter address is very different in terms of content. After the Easter address, The Vatican, the surrounding areas, and Rome itself has so much more to offer everyone. The many Italian restaurants and attractions should be experienced if you have the time to do so. So, make sure that you have booked your flight and accommodation for the next Pope's Easter address. Come and witness this unique and historic event, and join the Catholic family when they all join as one! Wed, 10 Aug 2011 21:20:24 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/pope-easter-address http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/pope-easter-address Although there is little information dedicated to Navigli within the majority of travel guides on Milan, Navigli is one of the most unique areas of the city. The term “navigli” (plural for “naviglio”) means navigable in Italian. Navigli was a series of canals initiated by residents of Milan in the late 12th century, first to defend the city and later to provide a trade route for commercial water transport. In the late 15th century, Leonardo da Vinci himself worked on one of the canals of Navigli. Da Vinci designed a system of docks to bypass the rapids of the river from which the canal was feeding. In 1979, water freight transport stopped, and several of Navigli's canals were eradicated. Naviglio Martesana still runs east of Milan and offers a picturesque cycling path along its banks. The canal disappears underground as it enters the city. Today, the part of Milan known as Navigli is where two canals of the original system, Navilgio Grande and Naviglio Pavese, connect to a basin called Darsena. Once a center of commercial activity, Navigli was gradually developed into a popular arts and nightlife district filled with antique shops, small galleries, bars and trattorias. Explore on foot to get the best of shopping in Navigli, the majority of which is located along Naviglio Grande. There are many thrift stores, boutiques, and souvenir shops selling antiques, post cards, old prints, and one-of-a-kind items. Each Saturday, two markets take over the area. Mercato del Sabato (literally: “Saturday Market”) is located on Viale Papiniano. The flea market (Fiera di Senigallia) takes place along Viale d’Annuzio at Darsena. Both are great for bargains on antiques, used clothing, and books. The last Sunday of every month, a larger market takes over Navigli with many antique vendors selling their merchandise along the canals. Navigli offers a number of options for food. Here you can find anything from small gelaterias to five-star restaurants. If you are on a budget, check out local bakeries for cheap snacks on the go (taste some of the best pizza in Milan from Cestin del Pan on Via Valenza in Piazza Porta Genova). You can buy low-priced fresh fruit and veggies at Mercato Communale in Piazza 24 Maggio. There are several restaurants on boats along Via Cardinale Ascanio Sforza on Navilgio Pavese. However, most of the restaurants and bars are located along the streets of Naviglio Grande. Another fun way to see Navigli is on a tram. Take #2 from Piazza Porta Genova and ride it along Naviglio Grande to Piazzale Negrelli and back. This line has charming older trams with lacquered wood interior and large windows ideal for taking pictures. In the summer months, you can take a boat tour to explore the canals of Navigli. The tours are 55 minutes long and highlight the church of San Cristoforo along Naviglio Grande, Darsena canal, and the Conchetta district around Naviglio Pavese. Fri, 22 Jul 2011 23:21:41 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/canals-of-navigli-milan http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/canals-of-navigli-milan Parco Sempione is an urban park located in the heart of Milan, Italy. The park was created in 1888 in order to provide a green area for locals of the city who were negatively influenced by rapid expansion and industrialization. Parco Sempione was named after Corso Sempione: a major avenue of Milan that existed since the times of Napoleonic Empire. Parco Sempione is near 386,000 square meters in area, and it stretches between two great buildings of Milan: Castello Sforzesco on one side, and the arch of Porta Sempione on the other. Architect Emilio Aemagna designed Parco Sempione in a way that would provide panoramic views of the two monuments. Castello Sforzesco (the Sforza Castle) used to be the seat and residence of the Duchy of Milan, the ancient state that ruled over northern Italy. Today, the Sforza Castle houses a number of city museums, like the museums of Ancient and Applied Arts, and the Archeological Museum. As you enter Parco Sempione, you get to walk through the courtyard of the Sforza Castle from the southeast corner. Arco della Pace (the Arch of Peace) was built in the 19th century in the middle of Piazza Sempione, on the other side of Parco Sempione across from the Sforza Castle. Completed in the neoclassical style of architecture, the Arch of Peace is decorated with bas-reliefs, columns and statues that depict major historical events of Italy and Europe. Another important landmark of Parco Sempione is Arena Civica. Located in the northeastern part of the park, the Arena Civica dates back to 1805, and it’s modelled after a Roman amphitheatre. Today, Arena Civica is the main venue for sports and cultural events held in Milan. Parco Sempione also houses Palazzo dell’Arte and Acquario Civico. Built in 1933, Palazzo dell’Arrte now holds the design museum of the city, La Triennale di Milano; and Acquario Civico is a public aquarium. Built in a beautiful art nouveau building, the Acquario Civico was completely renovated in 2006. Although it is not big, there are over 150 different marine species represented there, it’s free to visit. On a clear day in Parco Sempione, make sure to climb Torre Branca. At 108.6 m tall, this iron panoramic tower is the fourth highest structure in Milan. With the cloudless skies, you can get a great view of Milan, and well as a view as far as the snow tops of the Alps and the Apennines. Enjoy the monuments while strolling around Parco Sempione, or simply go there to relax. During the evenings and weekends in the summer, the vast green lawns are filled with people. There is music coming from the park’s cafés, as well as street performers and picnickers with their guitars. Grab a snack or an ice cream from a food stand, and stretch out on the grass. Read a book or even browse the Internet since the park offers a free WiFi connection throughout the entire area. If you get bored, explore the winding alleyways of Parco Sempione. There are waterways with bridges over them, and an artificial pond with turtles. For sport lovers, there are basketball courts in Parco Sempione, and people are always playing soccer (this is Italy after all) or volleyball on the grass too. Milan locals love foreigners, and will always welcome you to their game. Mon, 04 Jul 2011 15:30:42 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/milan-parco-sempione http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/milan-parco-sempione The small, beautiful resort island of Capri is located only 5 km from mainland Italy in the Bay of Naples. Capri can be reached in about 40 minutes by hydrofoil from the coastal towns of Naples, Sorrento, Amalfi, and Positano, which makes the island a perfect daytrip destination. Whether visiting only for a day or doing a longer vacation stay, the best way to familiarize yourself with Capri is to take a boat trip around the island. Among some of the highlights this beautiful coastline boasts is the unforgettable Blue Grotto, a must see natural landmark on any Capri boat tour. Arriving in Capri by ferry or speedboat, you will dock at Marina Grande: the island’s largest seafront and port. There are a number of boat tours available at Marina Grande, from luxurious private yacht tours to group excursions on larger boats (about 20 person capacity). The group Capri boat tours cost 13 euros per person, and lasts for about 1.5 hours of excursion around the island. The coastline is characterized by small creeks, bays, caves and grottos with a number of secluded beaches, and a Capri boat tour is the best way to see the entire coast of the island or to spot a quiet beach to return to later in the day. High shores made of limestone reveal picturesque villas, and many of the villas belong to Italian aristocracy and celebrity figures. Giorgio Armani has his summer residence on the island of Capri. You will see the old Punta Carena lighthouse that has been active since 1862, and another feature of the tour is Arco Naturale: a natural arch made of limestone that dates from the Paleolithic age. Marina Picola is the second seafront of the island with its historic footpath Via Krup, and the boat tour will drift beside it. You will also pass through the opening of Fraglione: the three signature stacks off the southeast shore of the island of Capri named Stella, Mezzo, and Scopolo. A number of caves with stalactite and stalagmite growth are also visible offshore. The highlight undoubtedly is Grotto Azzura, which is a large sea cave on the northwestern shore of Capri. The brilliant blue light of Capri's Blue Grotto comes from two light sources: a small opening at the water line, and a larger opening below the entrance of the cave. The larger cavity is invisible from above the water, creating the perception of a brightly lit surface like that of a swimming pool at night. The Grotto Azzura entryway is so narrow that you can enter it only on a small rowboat, and your excursion boat will stop by the grotto where a number of locals in rowboats will be waiting outside. To visit you must pay another 10 euros for the small rowboat, and the excursion boat will wait by the cave long enough for all the willing tourists to transfer into smaller rowboats to visit the Blue Grotto, and then take in three to four people at a time. You will have to lie down flat on the bottom of the boat in order to pass through the Blue Grotto entryway. Inside Capri's Grotto Azzura, your boatman will sing (Besame Mucho or Santa Maria) to show off the echo of the cave. He will take you around the grotto, explain its light, and point out some coral growth at the bottom, all in just less than 10 minutes. Although seemingly expensive, the experience is definitely worth the money. Grottos of Capri and Grotto Azzura in particular, are some of the most famous sea caves in the world. Wed, 30 Mar 2011 04:46:19 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/blue-grotto http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/blue-grotto You know you want to! Alright, so you're scared of the notorious Roman traffic. Understandable—but it looks worse than it is. Bottom line: Vespas are awesome little machines, and they were built for this city. Your sightseeing trip will receive a thrill injection, and more importantly, you can take in all the sights at your own pace when you scooter around Rome. As with a visit to any big city, Rome covers a huge area and has a whole lot to see. It's simple math to figure out that on foot you see much less. Granted, you can stop and smell the flowers while you're walking, but this argument wears thin by mid-afternoon. If you're travelling as a couple, just wait until you're both hungry and tired, stuck in some neighborhood with no restaurants. About five minutes into the bickering you'll be searching your pockets for that scooter rental address. Renting a scooter in Rome means you don't need to learn about bus schedules in another language, waste time waiting for a train, taxis, etc. You can go to some far-flung neighborhood for lunch, and then continue on with your day. In Rome, a visit to Vatican City usually turns into a full day trip, as it's a distance from the centre. The abiding rule of Roman traffic is first come first serve. If you get there first, even by a centimetre, you win by default since others can no longer pass, and they will fall back. Speed, lanes, traffic lights... none of these things are relevant. So now you know. See? Rome scooters aren't too complicated. Yes, you should be a confident driver to attempt driving in any big city, but we're not talking about navigating the Death Star trench here. If you can maintain a straight trajectory, make confident turns and lane changes, the rest of the traffic will flow along with you no problem. Though intersections seem chaotic, you see very few actual collisions. If you don't know where you are supposed to drive, park, etc., just look for the other billion Vespas that will undoubtedly be all around you; and do what they do. There will probably be a stressful moment or two when you're deciding which lane to be in or whatever, but compare this to the stress of being lost and tired without transportation, and the choice for renting a scooter in Rome is clear. Now you can see what you want in the order you want and pay more respect to whimsy. You don't have to over-plan your day trips or get upset about missing something the first time around. You can also consider zipping to the beach or some of the small ancient sites just outside of town that most tourists don't get to. There are companies all over Rome who offer scooter and bike rental. There are several good ones right near the central train station. You will need a driving license and a credit card. Note: debit cards are not accepted as they don't tend to guarantee the return of the bike. Scooter rental prices in Rome are around 30 euros for a 24-hour period, with deals for all week or over the weekend. It's a very simple transaction, and then you're out on the via. Practice your scooter skills on some side streets first, and then go for it. If you're riding double, the back seat passenger can be navigator. Another option for budget travellers, or those less speed-inclined, is bicycle rental. Also a huge help in getting around, bikes are a bit lower stress, and can be rented for about 10 euros a day. Thu, 03 Feb 2011 04:21:03 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/scooter-rome http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/scooter-rome The Ponte Vecchio is the oldest bridge in Florence, Italy, and arguably one of the most colourful in both history and appearance. It's been around since at least 996, and may have been built by the Romans. Until 1218, the Ponte Vecchio was the only bridge across the Arno river that runs through Florence. At least two floods have taken out the Ponte Vecchio, but the existing bridge dates back to 1345, when the city of Florence reconstructed it for the second time. The Ponte Vecchio survived World War II intact, and it was the only bridge in Florence not destroyed by the Nazis during their August 4, 1944 retreat from Allied forces. Rather than destroy the Ponte Vecchio, the retreating soldiers destroyed the buildings at either end of the bridge, sealing it to traffic, but leaving it unharmed. Yet another flood, in 1966, failed to destroy one of the oldest bridges in Europe. The Ponte Vecchio was renovated somewhat in 1565, when Cosimo I de Medici and Giorgio Vasari constructed the Vasari Corridor above the goldsmiths' shops located there. The Medici family, who ruled Florence at the time, had recently moved from Palazzo Vecchio to Palazzo Pitti, and they wanted to be able to cross the Ponte Vecchio to Palazzo Uffizi. They also wanted to avoid mingling with the common folk. The Vasari Corridor allowed them to do this. Merchants have hawked their wares on the Ponte Vecchio since the 13th century. Tanners, butchers and fishmongers once traded in the shops along the bridge, but they stank the place up so badly that, in 1593, Ferdinand I decreed that only jewellers and goldsmiths should be allowed to trade there. Today, the Florence’s finest jewellers are still in business on the Ponte Vecchio, though they lock their shops up at night behind thick, padlocked shutters. Thu, 20 Jan 2011 06:07:30 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/ponte-vecchio-italy http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/ponte-vecchio-italy The Sistine Chapel is one of the Vatican's most visited and well-known attractions, and also serves as a venue for important Papal Masses. Papal conclaves—in which the College of Cardinals elects a new Pope—have been held at the Sistine Chapel since 1455, and the first Mass inside the Sistine Chapel was held on 15 August 1483 to celebrate the Feast of the Assumption. Originally, the Sistine Chapel was known as the Cappella Maggiore, or Greater Chapel. The Chapel was used then, as it is now, for smaller masses not attended by the public. Pope Sixtus IV undertook to restore the Sistine Chapel between 1477 and 1480. Today, the Sistine Chapel continues to bear Sixtus IV's name. It wasn't until the next century, and the papacy of Julius II, that sculptor Michelangelo Buonarroti began the work that we think of when we think of the Sistine Chapel. Pope Julius II, who was pontiff from 1503 to 1513, commissioned Michelangelo to paint the ceiling and lunettes in 1508. This was not completed until 1512. Later, in 1533, Pope Clement VII, who was pontiff from 1523 to 1534, commissioned Michelangelo to paint the Last Judgment on the wall behind the altar. Sadly, this meant covering the older frescoes painted by Botticelli, Ghirlandaio, Perugino and Rosselli, which Sixtus IV had commissioned during his papacy. Michelangelo complained bitterly about having to work on the Sistine Chapel ceiling, a job he was basically forced to accept. He didn't want the job because he was a sculptor, not a painter. In fact, until Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling, he hadn't done any painting at all since his student days. The Sistine Chapel painting required Michelangelo to learn and use techniques reserved for master fresco artists. He painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling using a technique known as buon fresco (true fresco), which happens to be the most difficult fresco-painting technique there is. Because he was a sculptor, Michelangelo had to teach himself this complicated technique before he could even begin the job. That's part of the reason why it took Michelangelo four years to paint the more than 5,000 square feet of frescoes that cover the Sistine Chapel ceiling today. Another part of the reason why it took so long was that things just kept coming up. Bad weather frequently stopped work on the frescoes; and dampness caused the plaster to mold and prevented painting. Michelangelo couldn't work on the ceiling during Pope Julius II's many long absences at war; and, at one point, the Pope was so ill that he received Last Rites. Of course, if Pope Julius II had died, Michelangelo wouldn't have been paid. Tue, 04 Jan 2011 16:18:01 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/sistine-chapel http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/sistine-chapel Let me describe to you what real pizza is like. The crust is thin and surprisingly soft: foldable. The sauce is delicious. Cheese, buffalo mozzarella, is an afterthought; maybe just two or three thin discs on a whole pie. I’m mentioning this because there seems to be some confusion. I’ve been to NYC, so I thought I’d seen the top, but now I know that to find a real pie, you have to go to Napoli. Napoli/Naples is renowned for three things: Pompeii, thievery, and pizza. Walking into the sunshine from the train station you will immediately encounter cold-eyed street hustlers pushing iPhones and cigarettes under your nose. The ubiquitous street markets are mafia-influenced and otherwise lawless. Buying things on the street here is perilous, and it’s likely your sealed carton of Marlboros will be full of newspaper. You won’t know how they managed to bamboozle you, but bamboozled you will be. These people have been doing the hustle for a long, long time. In fact, Naples is one of the oldest cities in the world, clocking in at 2,800 years old. Founded by the Greeks in the ninth century BC, it was an important seaport and acted as a link between Greek and Roman Culture. Later on it was a major cultural centre for the Roman Republic. In later ages Naples was the port that connected Sicily with Rome and the rest of the world. Napoli has been the capital of a Spanish kingdom and is still one of the biggest ports on the Mediterranean Sea. The amount of influential history that transpired here is overwhelming. Humans being what we are, one consequence of all this trade and traffic has been the incubation of a seedy port culture distilled over the ages into one of the world’s finest examples. This is home to the Camorra, a mafia-type criminal organization that controls cigarette and drug smuggling in the region, among other things. Naples is so infiltrated it is said that the Camorra, and many of the bakeries, control the milk, fish, and coffee trades. An estimated 7,000 members reside in the city, exerting a sphere of influence that involves police, justice, and politicians. Unfortunately, Camorra has in recent years gotten into the illegal trash dumping business. I don’t know if that’s why the port is a filthy mess of stinking trash, but it speaks to it. Naples is an edgy, lawless place; intriguing, but worthy of caution. But behind Gotham City there still exists the reason people have always been here. This is the beautiful bay of Naples, where the red Mediterranean sunshine warms the land. Tomatoes and grapes ripen in rich volcanic soil on the slopes of Mount Vesuvius. Offshore is the island of Capri, where Emperors Augustus and Tiberius built their pleasure palaces millennia ago. Even then, workmen excavating the site found giant bones and stone weapons from the Bronze Age. Augustus had them displayed on his lawn. Like a lot of places in Italy, the land here is majestic and compressed into a small package. Small dramatic volcano, narrow picturesque streets, small strong coffee. If none of this convinces you to visit Naples, then come for the food. Here you find the heart and soul of Italian cooking. The simple pizza, in development since the Greeks and Romans ate flatbread with honey and bay leaves, was revolutionized when Neapolitans introduced New World tomatoes. Cheese was added in 1889. The pizza is cooked in a stone oven with an oak fire, and the whole package is a Traditional Specialty Guaranteed (Specialità Tradizionale Garantita, STG) product in Europe. I’ve never had anything like it. I think that only here, under the Mediterranean sun, using fresh local ingredients, can this pizza be created. What else can explain why no one else putting the same six ingredients together can even come close? Pizzarias and bakeries spring up every few blocks in Naples, and they all offer amazing pizza, cheap. Try spinach foccaccia with olives or a flaky shell pastry. Cappuccino is everywhere here and amazing. Wander around town and find your favorite pizza place, or sit in a local restaurant and eat the way the Italians do: Primo, Secondo, bread, oil, and a label-less bottle of table wine from some vineyard nearby. Digestivo, esspresso. Get out of Naples, by all means, take a ferry to the islands, explore Pompeii, see the old Coliseum, castles, museums, beaches. But leave yourself a day or two to lounge around Naples just eating. Soak up the cinematic ambiance and learn once and for all what a real pizza tastes like. Thu, 16 Dec 2010 04:20:36 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/pizza-naples http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/pizza-naples Thousands of years ago, Rome was the capital of the Western world. The Empire stretched across Europe, Northern Africa, and the British Isles. Today, traces of ancient Rome remain scattered throughout Europe, and those who travel to Rome itself can marvel at the ruins of the Forum, the Colosseum, and the Pantheon. If these sights leave you wondering what life was like in the Roman Empire, why not spend a day at Ostia Antica? Once upon a time, Ostia Antica was a bustling Roman seaport. Supplies of grain, wine, oil, lead, and marble were imported to the Roman capital via Ostia Antica's harbor, which eventually become the most important in the Empire. Ostia Antica experienced its heyday in the 2nd century AD, under the Emperors Trajan, Hadrian and Antonius Pius. A boom period of rebuilding and expansion turned Ostia Antica into a metropolis. The city's population grew to include slaves, freedmen and free immigrants from throughout the Empire. In the 3rd century AD, Ostia Antica entered a long period of decline. Political unrest and economic collapse led to an almost total cessation of building in the city, and its population dwindled. Earthquakes and tsunamis damaged the artificial harbors, and in most cases, they were not rebuilt. Gradually, water levels on the coast dropped, leaving the former port city landlocked. As the centuries crawled by, Ostia Antica became little more than a source for cheap building materials. The cathedrals of Florence and Pisa were built using marble plundered from the ruins of Ostia Antica. Under the aegis of the Vatican, paintings, statues, mosaics and other antiquities were removed. Science took no interest in the ancient Roman port city, until archeologist Dante Vaglieri began the first scientific excavation of Ostia Antica in 1907. Today, Ostia Antica is open to the public, and offers a peaceful respite from the hustle and bustle of Rome. Take an entire day to wander through the streets of Ostia Antica. Don't be surprised if you feel you're the only one there; the site is large, and not as not as well-known as most of Rome's other tourist attractions. Don't waste too much time on the first buildings you encounter; Ostia Antica offers a unique glimpse into the daily lives of ancient Romans. You'll see their bars, their bathtubs, and their bedrooms. From 9 July to 30 August, you can even attend modern theatrical productions in the ancient theater. If you're interested in seeing that day's performance, you can buy a ticket at the entrance to the site. Tue, 19 Oct 2010 02:23:22 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/ostia-antica http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/ostia-antica Florence was at the center of the Italian Renaissance, and the city’s Duomo is one of the crowning achievements of that period. Officially known as the Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore, the Florence Duomo had an incredibly long gestation – it was not consecrated until 1436 even though the first stone was laid in 1296. Its designer Arnolfo di Cambio and subsequent overseer Giotto both died well before the project came to fruition. The Florence Duomo’s proudest feature is its magnificent eight-sided dome – the first of its kind ever to be built without an internal wooden frame or external buttresses. Still the largest brick dome in the world to this day, Filippo Brunelleschi’s design is thought to have been centuries ahead of its time in its ability to predict the internal stresses of the ground-breaking edifice. Its unique structure catches the sunlight beautifully to give a rose tint to the whole old town area, which is collectively recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The rest of the Florence Duomo’s exterior is no less remarkable. Having been left unadorned for centuries after the basilica opened, it was not until the late 19th Century that the building could boast of the intricately ornate façade it has today. When approaching the Duomo from street level, chances are this colorful exterior will be the first thing you’ll notice about the building. The outside walls were layered in alternating bands of polychrome marble in red, white and green. The decorative windows also stand out for their varying shapes and delicate ornamentation – interestingly, two of them do not even admit any light and are purely for aesthetics! Once inside the Florence Duomo there are many more features to marvel at. After you pass through one of the three giant black bronze doors, you will be amazed by the bare interior’s sheer size, which rivals that of St Peter’s Basilica in Rome. After you adjust your eyes, a number of great religious paintings and frescoes will come into view. The church is also famous for its 44 stained glass windows, many of which were created by great artists of that period such as Donatello. The artistic highlight is the incredibly detailed rendering of the Last Judgement on the ceiling of the 145-foot wide dome. This extraordinary painting took 11 years and several different artists to complete. Tue, 15 Jun 2010 20:52:12 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/florence-duomo http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/florence-duomo The most common way to experience the Trevi Fountain in Rome is with your back to it. It is said that anyone who turns around and throws a penny (or a centesimo) into the fountain are sure to return to Rome one day. Although the Trevi Fountain's Baroque charm can't be appreciated from this angle, it does allow you to take in the whirlwind of activity that is constantly happening around the famous basin. Surrounded by gelato vendors, budding romances, and gladiators posing with tourists, the Trevi Fountain is a jewel of water and stone nestled into the Palazzo Poli. Trevi Fountain history recounts the construction of a simple basin in 1453 to mark the end of the aqueduct, Aqua Virgo, which had been used on and off since approximately 19BC. In 1629, the Trevi Fountain was moved from one side of the square to the other so that the Pope, who lived in the Quirinal palace, could see it from his window. Aptly enough for a fountain resembling a stage, the whimsical Trevi Fountain has been the backdrop for many films including "Three Coins in a Fountain" and "La Dolce Vita". Mythology behind the Trevi Fountain is both appropriate and interesting. The current sculpture done by Nicola Salvi, was commissioned by Pope Clement VII, and depicts a scene of Rome's waters being tamed. Tritons or mermen control their hippocampi (half horse, half sea creatures) and guide Oceanus, God of the Sea, as he rides his shell chariot. One of the hippocampi is tame and easy to guide, while the other is wild, depicting how volatile and unpredictable the sea can be. The message behind the Trevi Fountain is that the Gods tame the water for the benefit of Rome. The idea of providence is very appropriate, as the income from all the coin-tossers (approximately 3000 Euros per day) provides for the less fortunate of Roman citizens in the form of a subsidized grocery store. So when you visit the Trevi Fountain and toss a coin in, think of it as an investment with returns, both for the less fortunate and to ensure your next visit to Rome. Fri, 11 Jun 2010 15:51:37 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/trevi-fountain http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/trevi-fountain Venice is one of the world's most popular tourist attractions, attracting some 20 million visitors per year to the Italian city. The historic city of Venice, once an independent city state, was a major trading post in its day between Western Europe, the Byzantine Empire, and the Islamic world. In fact, around the 13th Century it was the richest city in all of Europe. The legacy of this era remains fully palpable, with a great number of magnificent historic buildings. The gondola city of Venice, which is made up of 113 small islands, is perhaps most famous for its many canals and their many gondolas. However, Venice is also very well known for the grandeur of the central St Mark's Square, and its current principal residents: pigeons. Until recently, Venice was home to some 140,000 pigeons; more than one for every two human inhabitants. Feeding the pigeons in Piazza San Marco was a tradition that lasted many decades, and the Square's many visitors once kept 19 pigeon feed sellers in business. They are, however, now something of a dying breed. Since 2008, feeding the birds has been banned by city authorities over concerns for their impact on the classic architecture that dominates the Square (the pigeons greatly enjoy pecking away at the marble facade of St Mark's Basilica). Health authorities estimate that there are 40 times more pigeons in the historical centre of Venice than the ideal level for any metropolitan area. Cleaning up after the many pigeons has also taken its toll on the city's finances. Keeping the area clean all year round reportedly costs an astonishing US$36 PER PIGEON. So if you want to see the Square as it has been enjoyed for generations, get there soon before all the pigeons are gone. Apart from the many birds, there's plenty to see on St Mark's Square; of course, not least the grandiloquent basilica of the same name that dominates the historical square. First erected by Venetian rulers in the 11th Century as an exclusive place for their worship, it has since become the Venice’s cathedral. You can see exactly why it was once nicknamed the “Church of Gold,” for despite the passage of centuries, it remains decked in gilded mosaics both inside and out, with many marble columns, domes and other features that were later added. Inside, at the high altar, you'll find the relics of St Mark the Evangelist: one of the Twelve Apostles. Doge's Palace is also situated on the Square, and was once the home of the rulers and political elite of ancient Venice. In its equally grand interior, you'll find many great artworks as well as insight into how Doge's Palace was used in the Venice heydays. It's just one of a total of 13 museums on St Mark's Square, with two art galleries, as well as museums of lace, glass and natural history among the many attractions of Venice to choose from. The most pleasant thing to do on the Square is also the simplest—sit down at one of the many outdoor cafes, order a large, expensive coffee, and gaze at the wonderful architecture, the varied tourists and locals, and of course, the birds. Tue, 09 Mar 2010 13:24:24 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/st-marks-square http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/st-marks-square To take in the glorious splendour of a classic opera, there's no better venue than an original open-air amphitheatre in the heart of Italy. Built in the second century, Verona's Arena di Verona is the third largest Roman amphitheatre in the world. It was originally the home of a very different form of entertainment: gladiatorial battles, jousts and other tournaments. While partially damaged in an earthquake in the 12th Century, the venue remains fundamentally intact almost two thousand years since its creation. The Verona Arena has been home to opera and other dramatic performances since the 18th Century, and stands among the most well preserved venues of its size and vintage in the world. Located right in the centre of the city's old town, the Arena di Verona boasts an authentic atmosphere of collective cultural enjoyment that few venues can rival. Each year since 1913, the Verona Opera Festival has delighted opera lovers and newcomers alike with classics like Nabucco, Madame Butterfly, Aida, and many others all summer long. The Festival alone attracts as many as half a million visitors each year, and the Verona Arena operas (which seat some 20,000 people) boast a carnival atmosphere quite unlike your average opera experience. Be sure to pick up a candle on your way in, as spectators light these when all the lights in the venue are extinguished just as the performance begins—creating an enchanting atmosphere that sets the tone for a magical summer evening. Each performance features an enormous cast, and quite often there are as many as 100 actors, with another 50 playing in the orchestra. The costumes, poetry and pageantry that are packed into each opera are a sight not to be missed. The set designs are equally spectacular, with live animals and life-sized props being an integral part of many of the works. If you're planning to take an unreserved seat, try to arrive a little early to get the best view, as the opera generally begins around 9 p.m. If you show up just before the performance, chances are you'll be sitting on the very top row (aka: nosebleeds). One of the most charming aspects of seeing an opera in Verona is its organic sound. Its inbuilt acoustics are so good that no microphones are used in any of the performances. So if you're seated way at the back, don't worry. The singers' beautiful arias and enchanting choruses ring out around the venue and out into the summer air. If the performance is particularly popular with the audience, you may also be treated to a “bis,” or encore of the opera's most famous solo or chorus. And no matter which opera you go to, by the end of the majestic show, you'll have enjoyed one of the world's true, great cultural experiences. Thu, 25 Feb 2010 16:58:40 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/verona-opera http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/verona-opera The Carnival of Venice is a city-wide masquerade, which originated as a vacation day on the last day before Lent during the 14th Century. Despite the fact that the Venetian Carnival marks the beginning of Lent, it has no direct religious connection and was traditionally a night of debauchery, drinking, blurred social status, costuming and masks. Ironically, the Venetian Carnival was regulated by strict rules back in the 14th Century, and Carnival-goers were not allowed to wear masks around the city at night time, and men could not enter convents if they were disguised as women. Celebrations within the nun parlours were strictly prohibited, and in the face of the Carnival's lack of religious significance, the city officials were determined to uphold the morality of Venetian citizens. The consequences for breaking any of these laws were drastic, and men could be sentenced to two years in jail, 18 months service to the Republic galley-rowing, and a fine of 500 lire. Women were arguably punished even more severely for their transgressions. In addition to the fine, they were whipped, publicly humiliated in St. Mark's Square and were not allowed to enter the Republic of Venice for four years. It was not until the late 1700s that the laws were relaxed and citizens were allowed to wear masks throughout the entirety of the Carnival. The Venice Carnival became a time to forget one's gender and social status, and to lose oneself in revelry. The usual costume was a cloak and a long nosed, white mask. Musicians played in squares, entertaining citizens with guitars and singing. People could spend their money on gambling tables and wander the streets listening to music. Today, the Venetian Carnival is just what the name proclaims—a carnival. It no longer reflects most of the traditions of old. Costumes have become more elaborate and parties have become wilder. The Carnival of Venice attracts visitors from around the world, and those who do not wear costumes and masks are sometimes subjected to teasing by gangs of young Venetian boys. Venice Carnival takes place in the ten days before Lent, and only the most ardent celebrators can last throughout the entire ten days of parties, banquets, music and dancing—which take along the streets and canals. People swarm through the streets spending money on gambling tables, enjoying the celebrations and the anonymity a traditional carnival mask provides. Tue, 29 Dec 2009 16:20:26 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/venice-carnival http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/venice-carnival In the rugged mountainous coastline of Cinque Terre National Park, we gazed down at the impossibly vibrant colours of a gem-like town perched on a cliff. Our Cinque Terre hike had brought us through five of these jewel-tinted towns, countless delightful swimming spots, hillsides planted with olive groves, and walkways overlooking the ocean. Cinque Terre National Park is located on a rugged area of coastline on the Italian Riviera. The five villages in the Park: Monterosso al Mare, Vernazza, Corniglia, Manarola, and Riomaggiore—are charming historic towns where time seems to have stood still. Vendors hawk fresh produce in the narrow winding streets, and tourists can wander at will through the village shops, pausing to sample the delicious local fare, or cooling off in the sunlit waters at the beach. The craggy hillsides surrounding the Cinque Terre villages are extensively terraced for the cultivation of grapes and olives, an industry that has occupied the locals for hundreds of years. A walking trail connects the five villages, and is included in the entrance fee to Cinque Terre National Park. The Cinque Terre trail ranges from easy (the “Lover’s Walk” section between Riomaggiore and Manarola is a stroll on a paved walkway looking out over the ocean) to strenuous (some sections of the trail are poorly paved and require climbing hundreds of steps). Nevertheless, the experience of being immersed in the countryside, as well as the spectacular views of the Italian coastline, makes even the difficult sections of hiking Cinque Terre completely worthwhile. As the Cinque Terre trail connects the five villages, hikers can stop in each village to rest, see the historic sights, and refresh themselves with a gelato or a lemon granita (a local specialty). Travellers in Italy looking to try hiking in Cinque Terre National Park can reach it from the cities of La Spezia or Genoa. From there, travellers to Cinque Terre can buy the entrance ticket to the Park, which includes the train fare between the five villages. Inns and hotels abound in each town, though budget-minded tourists may prefer to stay outside of Cinque Terre proper, in one of the neighbouring villages. Fri, 11 Dec 2009 18:24:41 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/hiking-cinque-terre http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/hiking-cinque-terre The Amalfi Coast of Italy is a must-do drive that runs along the southern coast from Positano to Vietri Sul Mare. It consists of thirteen UNESCO World Heritage Site towns, and although it is a fare distance from the the hub of tourism in Italy, it is well worth the trip. Starting in the lemon-tree-lined city of Sorrento, make your way along the cliff-clinging roads that follow the unrelenting shoreline of turquoise waters. Here at the starting point of your Amalfi Coast tour you can sip some of the area's famous limoncello liqueur while enjoying incredible views of Naples and historic Mount Vesuvius across the bay. Onwards along the Amalfi Coast, the views only become more impressive. The narrow roads often widen into large rest areas where passersby are amazed by the picturesque views. Old Italian villages consisting of white and pastel-coloured buildings are strewn along the hillsides, with the ocean glistening below. Cruising through small man-made stone tunnels further along the Amalfi Coast, every once in a while you'll pass a miniature version of a nearby town constructed into the mountainside. Similarly, the town of Positano perched upon a hillside, is home to the Byzantine church of Santa Maria and a labyrinth of foot trails that lace across the lemon terraces, perfect for exploring. As the hills wind down to greet the coast, it is quite possible that Amalfi, Italy, melds together these opposite landscapes most beautifully here. At the mouth of a ravine, Amalfi sprawls out from the dramatic cliffs onto the coast. The air here is so fresh, that it seemingly calls tourists down to the water for a swim in its intoxicating waters. After a refreshing dip along Amalfi Beach, stroll the harbour and daydream about the fabulous things you would do in the ubber luxury boats docked here. Dinner under the stars in the piazza is the perfect way to unwind; and here you can enjoy an up-close view of Duomo di Amalfi Cathedral and a postcard-perfect view out over the coast. The views along the Amalfi Coast on the way back are just as gorgeous as they were on the way there—green covered mountainsides mixed with tiny Mediterranean seaside villages as far as the eye can see. An Amalfi Coast tour will leave you wanting more, filled with impeccable eating, idylic views and lots of R&R. That is, if your into that? Mon, 07 Dec 2009 19:48:53 +0000 http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/amalfi-coast http://www.thecircumference.org/experiences/amalfi-coast